I have not found Jefferson in the 1850 census.

1860 census of Floyd Co., Virginia, Court House district, enumerated 18 Aug, lists on p. 170 as family #1219/1141:
Jefferson Mabery, 30, farmer; Mary, 24; Jackson, 9; Winfield, 7; Lurina, 5; Eliza, 4/112. All born in Virginia.

The preceding household is Mary’s parents.

1870 census of Floyd Co., Virginia, Burks Fork & Indian Valley district, enumerated 5 Sep, lists on p. 46 as family #323/305:
Mabrey, Jefferson, 40, farmer; Mary W., 35; Jackson, 18; Lavina, 15; Eliza M., 10; Wilson P., 8; Julia A., 6; Sabra L., 3; John N., 1. All born in Virginia.

1880 census of Floyd Co., Virginia, Burks Fork district, enumerated 14 June, lists on p. 19 as family #164:
Maberry, Jefferson, 50, farmer; Mary W., 45, wife; W. P., 18, son; Julia A., 14, dau; Sabra L., 12, dau; John Neal, 10, son; Albert, 8, son; George M., 6, son; Masnelah, 5, son. All born Va Va Va.

1900 census of Floyd Co., Virginia, Burks Fork district, enumerated 5 June, lists on p. 3A as family #48:
Mabry, Jefferson, 70, b. Jan 1830, farmer; Mary W., wife, 55, b. Sep 1834, married 49 years, mother of 12 children, 9 living; Massanella A., son, 24, b. July 1875; Zora L., dau-in-law, 22, b. Feb 1878; Henry E., grandson, 3, b. May 1897; Emary E., grandson, 1, b. Mar 1898. All born Va Va Va.

The three preceding households are headed by their sons Winfield and Wilson, and their grandson Lorenzo.